History

HISTORY OF CLONING

Researcher at the Oregon Health and Science University produced the first clone of  human or at least, well, a human embryo a small clump of stem cells of which each has the potential to become any human cell in the body, While there has been a lot of discussions about this after all, Scientists have been researching cloning for over 100 years.

EARLY EMBRYO STUDIES

Actually, a sea urchin was the first animal cloned in a lab and it was over 100 years ago by Hans Driesch. A few years later in 1935. Hans Spemann won the Nobel Prize in medicine for his work that produced cloned salamanders. Both of these early experiments, however, simply involved breaking apart cells from very early stage embryos to produced more than one copy of the same organism. It is essentially the way identical twins, triplets, and other identical multiple birth occur.

Application Of Cloning

CLONING APPLICATION

Gene cloning has made a phenomenal impact on the speed of biological research and its increasing its presence in several areas of everyday life. One of the reason why biotechnology has received so much attention during the last decade is because of gene cloning.

• Production Of Recombinant Protein
• Gene Cloning In Medicine
• Synthesis Of Other Recombinant Human Proteins And Recombinant vaccines
• Gene Therapy
• Gene Cloning In Agriculture
• Antisense Technology

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cloning

Advantages	Disadvantages
All new plants are genetically identical – they will all  have the desired Characteristics	If a clone susceptible to disease or changes in environment, then all the clones will be susceptible.
Organisms that are difficult or slow to breed normally can be reproduced quickly. Some plant Varieties do not produce seeds, others have seeds that are dormant for long periods.	It will lead to less variation, and less opportunity to create new varieties in the future.

 

Types Of Clones

• Molecular Cloning

Molecular Cloning focus on making identical copies of DNA molecules in chromosomes.This type of cloning is also called gene cloning.

• Organism Cloning

Organism Cloning involves making an identical copies of entire organism.This type organism is  also called Reproductive Cloning.

• Therapeutic Cloning

Therapeutic Cloning involves the cloning of human embryo for the production of stems cells.These cells could be use to treat disease.The embryo are eventually destroyed in this process.

What Is Clone?

The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone.

Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials, including genes, cells, tissues and even entire organisms, such as a sheep.